🌎 Overview

Sonora is a northwestern Mexican state characterized by vast deserts, rugged mountains, and beautiful Pacific coastlines. Known for its mining, agriculture, and fisheries, it combines natural beauty with economic vitality.

• Capital & Largest City: Hermosillo
• Other Major Cities: Ciudad Obregón, Nogales, Guaymas
• Founded: 1824
• Population: ~3.0 million (2025 est.)
• Area: 179,355 km² (69,225 sq mi)
• Region: Northwestern Mexico
• Timezone: Mountain Standard / Daylight Time (MST/MDT)

🏞️ Geography & Nature

Sonora features deserts, the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains, and the Sea of Cortez coastline. Ecotourism is popular in the Yaqui and Mayo river valleys, as well as in coastal beaches like Puerto Peñasco.

🏭 Economy & Industry

The state’s economy thrives on mining (copper, gold), agriculture (wheat, vegetables, livestock), fishing, and manufacturing. Its border with the USA encourages trade and export-oriented industries.

🌆 Culture & Festivals

Sonora has a rich indigenous heritage, with the Yaqui and Seri peoples contributing to its cultural identity. Festivals feature traditional music, dance, and gastronomy.

🎓 Education & Innovation

Education is led by Universidad de Sonora (UNISON), supporting research in agriculture, engineering, and environmental studies.

🌺 Tagline

“Sonora — Deserts, Coastlines, and Cultural Heritage.”